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γ-氨基丁酸对慢波睡眠的改善作用

γ-氨基丁酸对慢波睡眠的改善作用

Jun 26, 2025

-氨基丁酸对慢波睡眠的改善作用

γ - 氨 基 丁 酸


γ-氨基丁酸(Gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是一种广泛分布于动、植物体内的小分子量非蛋白质氨基酸,分子式为C4H9NO2。研究发现,食用含有一定量GABA的茶叶、发酵乳、巧克力、小麦胚芽、发酵肉制品等食品,具备改善睡眠、改善抑郁、促进放松、改善炎症、降血压、提高免疫力、增加脑部蛋白分泌等多种生理功能[1]



睡 眠



睡眠主要分为快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠两个时相。快速眼动睡眠又称快波睡眠或同步睡眠,该时期的眼球产生快速运动,脑电波状况与清醒时相似,快速眼动睡眠可直接转化为觉醒状态。非快速眼动睡眠又称慢波睡眠,其脑电特征是高振幅、低频率的同步化的慢波,此时人的意识消失,心率、呼吸、体温、血压、尿量、代谢率等全部降低,夜间睡眠多数时间处在这种睡眠状态。在整个睡眠期间两种睡眠交替进行,大约一夜反复交替3~5次。研究表明,生长激素的分泌在睡眠时水平升高。其中,慢波睡眠是生长激素分泌最旺盛的阶段;慢波睡眠持续时间越长,生长激素水平越高[2]


GABA 与 睡 眠



脑干中的GABA能神经元能够调节慢波睡眠。一项记录大鼠PZ神经元的细胞外放电活动的研究发现[3],该区的GABA能神经元在慢波睡眠中放电率比清醒时更高;而当这些GABA能神经元受到损伤,或GABA能/甘氨酸神经元传递中断时,慢波睡眠将会受到抑制;此外。靶向激活GABA能神经元时可缩短睡眠潜伏期,增加小鼠慢波睡眠量、持续时间和皮层脑电图的慢波活动[4]。另有人群研究表明[5],受试者口服GABA后睡眠潜伏期减少了一半,并显著增加了慢波睡眠的总时间。




总的来说,γ-氨基丁酸能够缩短睡眠潜伏期,增加慢波睡眠的时间,从而改善睡眠质量,现已广泛应用于各类食品中,相关产品对睡眠质量差、因睡眠问题导致生长发育速度慢的孩子有改善睡眠、助力成长的作用。



参考文献



[1]李科,俞兰秀等,γ-氨基丁酸改善睡眠作用机制的研究进展,2019,食品工业科技

[2]Besedovsky L, Cordi M, et al, Hypnotic enhancement of slow-wave sleep increases sleep-associated hormone secretion and reduces sympathetic predominance in healthy humans, Commun Biol, 2022 July 26;5(1):747, doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03643-y.

[3]Alam MA, Kostin A, Siegel J, et al, Characteristics of sleep-active neurons in the medullary parafacial zone in rats[J]. Sleep, 2018, 41(10):zsy130. DOI:10.1093/sleep/zsy130.

[4]冯首花,王艳秋,庄慧魁。中枢神经系统γ-氨基丁酸能神经元对睡眠-觉醒调控作用的研究进展,神经解剖学杂志,2021,37(3):347~351

[5]Yamatsu A, Yamashita Y, et al, Effect of oral γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration on sleep and its absorption in humans, Food Sci Biotechnol. 2016 Apr 30;25(2):547-551. doi: 10.1007/s10068-016-0076-9.


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